• In glioma or glial derived

  2022-04-08

  

  In glioma, or glial-derived primary Go 6983 synthesis tumors, as in other cancers, glutathione is an important survival mechanism. Glioma cells are dependent upon SXC-mediated cystine uptake for viability, as they require intracellular cystine/cysteine for GSH synthesis (Ogunrinu and Sontheimer, 20

• Introduction Glucose is the most important energy carrier

  2022-04-08

  

  Introduction Glucose is the most important energy carrier of the brain. Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1) is located at the blood–brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, facilitative transport of glucose into the brain [1]. Twelve transmembrane segments of the protein and an intracellula

• br Discussion Our results indicate that marked changes

  2022-04-08

  

  Discussion Our results indicate that marked changes in the relative distribution of AMPA receptors in microsomal and synaptic fractions occur during the postnatal period, and that these changes are correlated with changes in different populations of AMPA binding sites. At early postnatal ages (PN

• Analysis of genomic neighborhoods has helped resolve questio

  2022-04-08

  

  Analysis of genomic neighborhoods has helped resolve questions concerning the orthology of receptors for peptides similar to glucagon (Ng et al., 2010, Irwin and Prentice, 2011, Wang et al., 2012, Hwang et al., 2013). Using a diverse array of species with available genome sequence (see Fig. 4) the g

• Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to

  2022-04-08

  

  Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to the reduction of food intake, enhancement of energy expenditure and weight loss in rodent and human studies [16], [17], [18]. Moreover, patients presenting with GCG-producing tumors frequently manifest severe weight loss, through mechanisms

• Recently several dual GLP GIP receptor agonists have been de

  2022-04-08

  

  Recently, several dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists have been developed as a treatment of type II diabetes. These peptides can activate both the GLP-1 and the GIP receptor. Such dual receptor agonists are superior compared to single GLP-1 analogues such as liraglutide (Finan et al., 2013). Previously

• CaCl was from the Radiochemical Centre

  2022-04-08

  

  45CaCl2 was from the Radiochemical Centre (Amersham, UK), NaVO3 was from Reachim (Moscow, Russia). Tetrodotoxin was purchased from Calbiochem, DTNB from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Nifedipine was synthesized in the Institute of Drug Research, Modra, Slovakia and was kindly provided by Dr. Zdeno Mahrl

• Gap junction channels exhibit different types of

  2022-04-07

  

  Gap junction channels exhibit different types of gating properties. One alternative mechanism that should be mentioned is loop gating in which the extracellular loop of connexin assumes a configuration to form a narrow pathway for closure of unopposed hemichannels [53] and docked junction channels [

• icilin The first GSM was identified from the discovery

  2022-04-07

  

  The first GSM was identified from the discovery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). An amyloid reducing GSM that also suppresses inflammation is desirable. Inflammatory response is an invariable characteristic of AD pathogenesis, in part triggered by Aβ. During AD onset and progressio

• Gal is a amino acid residue peptide comprising amino

  2022-04-07

  

  Gal is a 29-amino harmine hydrochloride sale residue peptide, comprising 30 amino acids in humans, isolated from the porcine intestine 30 years ago (Tatemoto et al., 1983). It has been shown to be involved in the regulation of numerous processes, including neuroendocrine control of systems such as

• br The bile acid farnesoid X

  2022-04-07

  

  The “bile acid” farnesoid X receptor (FXR) The Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor belonging to the Nuclear Receptor superfamily of transcription factors exploiting various crucial functions in mammalian physiology, including reproduction, development and metabolism

• Due to the presence of

  2022-04-07

  

  Due to the presence of all FGFRs in the epithelium, there are several FGFs ligands that could be binding to these FGF receptors, namely FGFs 1–4, 8–10, 16 and 18–20. By evaluating the known roles of FGFs in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and in bone development, this list can be reduced. For ex

• br Acknowledgements We thank Kathy Spindler for helpful revi

  2022-04-07

  

  Acknowledgements We thank Kathy Spindler for helpful review of the manuscript. Expert technical assistance from Joel Whitfield in the University of Michigan Cancer Center Immunology Core is greatly appreciated. This research was supported by the American Heart Association (16GRNT30250013) and by

• To date the underlying mechanism of ropivacaine in

  2022-04-07

  

  To date, the underlying mechanism of ropivacaine in inducing neurotoxicity remains unclear. Cell death was intimately involved in local-anesthetic neurotoxicity [6,18]. Two classic signaling pathways triggered cell death: the extrinsic pathway and the intrinsic pathway [12]. Our study demonstrated t

• The FAAH inhibitor activity of

  2022-04-07

  

  The FAAH inhibitor activity of the 3-(5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl cyclohexylcarbamates was investigated by preparation of compounds (43–52, Table 3). These new compounds displayed an important loss of activity in comparison with the corresponding regioisomers 5-phenyl compound

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