• The crystal structures of plant class ADH GSNOR

  2022-02-09

  

  The crystal structures of plant class ADH3/GSNOR from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGSNOR) and Solanum lycopersicum cv. Amateur (SlGSNOR) with bound substrates and cofactors revealed important differences between plant and human enzyme, namely within the substrate-binding pocket. GSNOR are unusually homod

• Our results on the association of selenium deficiency and

  2022-02-09

  

  Our results on the association of selenium deficiency and vitamin A deficiency being associated with greater CD4 recovery during treatment were surprising. As we had hypothesized a relationship in the opposite direction (deficiency being associated with lower CD4 recovery), we can only reflect on po

• Our inhibitor studies revealed the presence of a

  2022-02-09

  

  Our inhibitor studies revealed the presence of a signaling network triggered by dicarbonyl stress. Nevertheless, p38-MAPK activation was clearly necessary for NADPH-oxidase mediated production of ROS. This is consistent with data from other groups using different cell culture systems [37], [38], [39

• br Introduction Cherry tomato Solanum lycopersicum L is

  2022-02-08

  

  Introduction Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a commonly consumed fruit on a worldwide scale due to its characteristic flavor and high nutrition (Wei et al., 2016, Yu et al., 2014). Tomato is low in fat and calories, and is a rich natural source of nutrition and bioactive antioxidant co

• br Presenilins in protein trafficking proteolysis and degrad

  2022-02-08

  

  Presenilins in protein trafficking, proteolysis and degradation An obvious explanation for the role of presenilins and γ-secretase in protein trafficking and degradation is that many reported γ-secretase substrates are functionally involved in protein transport. For example, members of the mammal

• br Introduction Conversion of visual input into electrical i

  2022-02-08

  

  Introduction Conversion of visual input into electrical information and routing this information to the brain is the main function of the eye (Levin et al., 2011). These processes require a microenvironment that offers adequate supply with oxygen and nutrients and also removal of all unwanted and

• Although GABA C receptors were originally described in the

  2022-02-08

  

  Although, GABA-C receptors were originally described in the spinal cord [16], clues to their physiological function arise mainly from studies in the visual system [5], [26]. In mammals, GABA-C receptors are found abundantly in cone photoreceptors and bipolar cell axon terminals, where they participa

• ADAM has two alternative splicing forms a membrane

  2022-02-08

  

  ADAM12 has two alternative splicing forms, a membrane-anchored long form (ADAM12-L) and a secreted short form (ADAM12-S). Both the long and short forms have metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich, and epidermal growth factor-like domains and can shed pro-heparin binding-epidermal growth facto

• Although it is well documented that FAAH substrates can elic

  2022-02-08

  

  Although it is well documented that FAAH substrates can elicit analgesic effects [for review see [47,48] and that systemic poly I:C administration induces mechanical allodynia in rats [14], to our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate that enhancing FAAH substrate levels can modulate TLR3

• In autoimmune diseases lymphocytes penetrate into the inflam

  2022-02-08

  

  In autoimmune diseases, lymphocytes penetrate into the inflammatory lesions of tissues, where it is prominently hypoxic or even anoxic, and utilize glycolysis for an energy supply after activation or under hypoxia (Sitkovsky and Lukashev, 2005; Palazon et al., 2014), which is modulated by the oxygen

• br Conflict of interest br

  2022-02-08

  

  Conflict of interest Funding Introduction Heme is an essential molecule for cellular metabolism involving oxygen and electron transfer [1]. However, free heme is a potent pro-oxidant that catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cellular damage [2]. Heme oxygenas

• Despite these studies little is known about the regulation o

  2022-02-08

  

  Despite these studies, little is known about the regulation of defence genes during AM root colonization. In the present study, we characterized the Ptc52 gene from tomato (named here as SlPtc52), a member of the gene family of non-heme oxygenases, and analysed its molecular characteristics. This ge

• glut1 HCV NS A inhibits induction of the

  2022-02-08

  

  HCV NS3/4A inhibits induction of the type I interferon response by cleaving MAVS from the mitochondrial surface (Li et al., 2005b). MAVS is cleaved at cysteine 508, and glut1 of cysteine 508 to arginine (C508R) abrogates cleavage (Li et al., 2005b). GBV-B and the related canine hepatitis virus also

• Selective pharmacological inhibition of tonic currents indic

  2022-02-07

  

  Selective pharmacological inhibition of tonic currents indicated that the effects of gp120 are predominantly mediated by α5-containing GABAARs. The other dominant subtype that contributes to tonic current in the hippocampus, the δ-containing GABAAR, was unaffected by gp120 treatment. Additionally, i

• Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from

  2022-02-07

  

  Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and to the membrane. For instance, the GABA transporter GAT1 is recycled in a calcium and depolarization dependent manner. GAT1 located in the plasma membrane is internalized to a subpopulation of small vesicles different from the classical neu

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